نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• کبری نیکوروش ¹
• سیدمحمدحسین قریشی ²
• حسن امامی ³

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زبان‌شناسی دانشگاه بیرجند

² دانشیارگروه زبانشناسی و زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند

³ استادیار زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

این مقاله جهت بررسی گرایش نام‌گذاری از مذهبی (عربی) به ملی (ایرانی) در سه دهه اخیر در شهر بیرجند تهیه شده است. عوامل متفاوتی همچون اجتماعی، فرهنگی، تاریخی، سیاسی، آگاهی افراد از کارکرد اجتماعی­­- فرهنگی نام، ... می‌تواند نقش بسزایی در این گرایش داشته باشد و باعث تغییر نگرش والدین و خانواده‌ها شود؛ به­گونه‌ای­که انتخاب نام که عملکرد فرهنگی­­- اجتماعی دارد، از این عوامل تأثیر قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای می‌پذیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر گرایش به گزینش نام‌های ایرانی در دو دهه اخیر از دیدگاه زبان‌شناسی اجتماعی در شهر بیرجند است. پژوهش حاضر یک پژوهش نظری­­­- اسنادی است. روش گردآوری داده‌ها اسنادی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش تمامی نام‌های گزینش­شده از ابتدای سال 1370 تا پایان سال 1399، که در سازمان ثبت احوال شهر بیرجند ثبت شده، است. حجم نمونه شامل 171855 (با احتساب تکرار نام) نام دختر و پسر است. داده‎ها با استفاده از آمارهای توصیفی (فراونی و درصد) و به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS، بر مبنای دهه‌ها (دهۀ 70، 80 و 90) تجزیه­وتحلیل شد و عوامل  مؤثر در دگرگونی و تغییر نگرش والدین در مورد گزینش نام در جامعه مورد مطالعه، توصیف شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد در سه دهه اخیر در شهر بیرجند، نام‌های گزینش­شده که شامل سه گروه نام‌های مذهبی، ملی (ایرانی) و ترکیبی (ملی­­­- مذهبی) است، گرایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای از مذهبی به ملی داشته‌اند و گزینش نام مذهبی روند رو به­کاهشی را در مورد هر دو جنسیت دختر و پسر نشان می‌دهد؛ به­گونه‌ای­که نام‌های گزینش­شده برای دختران  به­نسبت پسران گرایش بیشتری به ملی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• زبان‌شناسی اجتماعی
• نام‌های ایرانی
• نام‌گزینی
• نام‌شناسی
• بیرجند

موضوعات

• ادبیات و علوم انسانی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining Factors Influencing the Preference for National Names for Children Over the Past Two Decades Through the Lens of Social Linguistics: The Case of Birjand

نویسندگان [English]

• kobra nikuravesh ¹
• seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ghoreishi ²
• Hasan Emami ³

¹ MA student in Linguistics, Department of English, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Iran (Corresponding Author)

² Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and English Language, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University

³ Assistant Professor of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The primary objective of this research is to investigate the shift in naming patterns from religious (Arabic) to national (Iranian) names over the past three decades in Birjand. Various factors, including social, cultural, historical and political influences, as well as individuals’ awareness of the social-cultural function of names, are expected to significantly impact this tendency and influence the attitudes of parents and families. This study aims to explore the factors that have contributed to the preference for Iranian names for children in the last two decades, employing a social linguistics perspective within the specific context of Birjand. The research seeks to address the following research questions:

What changes have occurred in the selection of names for girls and boys in families residing in Birjand over the past two decades?
Which factors have played a significant role in shaping the attitudes of parents toward choosing Iranian names for their children in Birjand during the last two decades?

The hypotheses of the current research are as follows:

The selected names are changing, with a tendency towards national (Iranian) names over religious (Arabic) ones, and combined (national-religious) ones.
Cultural, social, political and economic factors, as well as the level and type of education, social status, and the religious/non-religious background of the family are influential in changing attitudes.

Extensive research has been conducted on the process of selecting names for newborns from the perspective of social linguistics in various countries, including Iran. These studies have provided interesting insights, examining aspects such as semantic meanings, religious and national identity, ethnicity, culture, and history. The present research focuses on the transformation of child naming from religious to national over the past three decades.
 
Methods
This research is a theoretical-documentary study. In the theoretical aspect, extensive studies were conducted in the field of social linguistics by searching scientific databases, digital libraries, and internet content and sources, yielding significant results. For the documentary aspect, data was collected from documents and registration books at the Civil Registration Organization of South Khorasan Province in Birjand city, specifically the names of individuals. The research data, including the names of girls and boys, were collected based on registered documents and records.
The collected names were categorized as religious, national, and mixed (national and religious). The statistical population of this research includes all children’s names related to births from the beginning of 1991 to the end of 2020, registered in the Civil Registration Organization of Birjand city. The statistical sample under study includes the total number of names used in this period (including repeated names), which amounts to 171855 names of girls and boys.
Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) with the help of SPSS software. Changes in naming in the studied community were addressed based on decades, followed by a comprehensive analysis of these three decades (the last 30 years). The analysis of names was based on three categories: religious names, national names, and mixed names (national-religious) registered in the Civil Registration Organization of Birjand.
 
Findings
The findings of the research include the names of boys and girls from the beginning of 1999 to the end of 2019 in Birjand city. The collected names were divided into three groups: national, religious and mixed (national-religious) names.
 
Discussion
Based on the collected data and their analysis, it was concluded that the reason for choosing religious names in the sixties and seventies was the religious beliefs and sentiments in the families, as well as the spiritual-religious atmosphere prevailing in the first years of the Islamic Revolution and the ideals of this system. Parents chose religious names for their children based on the names of religious figures. In Birjand, due to reasons such as the religiosity of the families and the traditional lifestyle, most of the names were traditional-religious names in the first decades of the Islamic Revolution. Among the collected data, the presence of national-patriotic names was remarkably low and not much variety was observed. With the advancement of education level, socio-cultural, economic, political connections, etc., parents’ vision and attitude broadened, which led to a significant change in their attitude toward choosing names for their children. In the last two decades (the eighties and nineties in the Persian calander), especially in the nineties, they preferred national-patriotic names to religious names for their sons and daughters. The transformation, progress and expansion in the field of media and technology that is evident all over the world had a tremendous impact on this matter in Birjand city, which can be dramatically felt. As a result of these developments and extensive transformation and increasing the level of awareness of families in all cultural-social fields, the choice and use of national (Iranian) names increased significantly in the last two decades, especially in the nineties. Religious names showed a significant decline, however.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Socio-linguistics
• Iranian Names
• Naming
• Onomastics
• Birjand