The economy of villages of Iran is in profound connection with agricultural section. In direction of the promotion of exploitation and production output, so far, the improving of traditional exploitation systems and dissemination of production cooperatives is one of the common strategies which have been used in our country such as South Khorasan. The present study tried to probe the inspection and examination of the economic effects of agricultural production cooperatives on rural districts of Birjand province. This research from the methodological point of view is descriptive-analytical. The community under study contains the members of five agricultural production cooperatives in Birjand province from which the number of 296 individuals selected and ordered with the use of Kokaran Formula and the method of two stages cluster sampling for questioning. The results showed that in production section in company with expansion of the level of under cultivation of the products like wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa, the expenditures also has been reduced. In addition, the indexes like income, saving, employment and welfare of the family members the agricultural production cooperative has been increased in comparison to the past.