The present study is to investigate the effective factors of increasing the amount of the dowry, the way of its emergence in past civilization and its implication in the Islamic society of Iran. The determination and payment of the dowry cause the growth in marital loyalty (consistency), the trust of the couple toward each other, promotion of self-esteem of women, to some extent the controlling of divorce, the women's self-confidence and also to control and decrease the diverse rationed men's inclinations and desires toward other women. They are considered as a financial support for the divorced women that consequently make them socially and psychologically secure. On the other hand, in addition to the positive implication of the dowry in the society, this research investigates the negative social implication of the amount increase of the dowry in the society including the decrease in the social trust, the increase in the amount of dowry for competition with other people and envy, the unlimited boundary of the amount of dowry, the increase of old marital age, decrease of marriage rate, and finally the obligatory tolerance of artificial and fake build lives. Accordingly to the objectiveness of this study, we made use of exchange and practice based theory in order to analyze dowry from a sociological and anthropological aspect. And we also attempted to examine and explain the dowry in Iran from legal- religious and social point of view and it emphases this point that dowry is counted as a genuine right which nobody has not the right to limit it for that is grunted by Allah to women from the genesis.