Journal of Socio-Cultural Studies of Khorasan

Journal of Socio-Cultural Studies of Khorasan

Examining fantasy elements (magnificent literature) in the legends of Birjand

Authors
Kolsoom GHORBANI Joybari 1
Razieh honarmand 2
1 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University, Iran
2 Master's student in Persian language and literature, Birjand University, Iran
10.22034/fakh.2022.344585.1547
Abstract
Folk literature comprises various manifestations of the culture and civilization of each nation, demonstrated in the form of legends, stories, songs, etc. The legends of Birjand are an illustrative and important example of the external display of the culture of the desert regions of Iran. This article aims to answer the following questions by examining the fantasy components in Birjand's legends using an analytical-descriptive method: 1. What kind of fantasy and what characters and heroes are more frequent in Birjand's legends? 2. What are the tricks in Birjand legends to connect the real world and the wonderful world?
Representing the features of fantasy in twenty-three legends of Birjand, the results indicated that five of the twenty-three legends are of the animal fantasy type. The characters are static, and other than humans, demons and supernatural beings sometimes play roles and are given human characteristics. These characters reach their goals through the functions and tricks of magic. The main and secondary characters are always with each other and end the story by doing strange and magical tricks and amazing feats. These legends have a simple design and structure, and they all have direct and indirect messages, which each reader is free to understand based on the spiritual and social conditions and the atmosphere of the legend, Most of the legends also have social concepts. convey to the reader, which itself expresses the polyphonic feature of these legends. Moreover, some of them are of the awareness type according to the climatic and social conditions.
Keywords
popular literature
legends of Birjand
fantasy
wonderful literature

Subjects

Abedi, Dariush (1388). A bridge to story writing. Tehran: School.[in Persian]##Akrami Far, Mahmoudreza (2014). "The myth of jinn and fairy in the oral literature of Khorasan poetry". Culture and Communication Studies, Year 16, No. 30 (Summer): 41-65.[in Persian]##Barziger, Kobari (2014). "Fantasy in Khajovi Kermani's Samnameh". Master's thesis, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Hormozgan University [in Persian]##Bei Niaz, Fethullah (1387). An introduction to story writing and narratology. Tehran: Afraz.[in Persian]##Benabid Salehi, Betul (2014). "Fantasy in the fictional works of Fariba Kalhor". Master's thesis, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Birjand University.[in Persian]##Dast Ghaib, Abdul Ali (1376). Towards native story writing. Tehran: Surah Mehr Publications.[in Persian]##Gharib, Mustafa; Behnamfar, Mohammad (2016). "The story of Degughi from the perspective of great literature". Poetry Studies (Bostan Adab), 9th year, Vol. 2, series, 32 (summer): 141-166.[in Persian]##Hajatpour Birgani, Hassan (2011). "The use of fantasy in children's and adolescent theater". Master's thesis, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Center.[in Persian]##Harri, Abulfazl (2013). Imaginary trickery (boutique of spooky literature, virtues and miracles). Tehran: Ney.[in Persian]##Haq-Shanas, Ali-Mohammed; Khadish, Pegah (1387). "New findings in the morphology of magical legends of Iran". Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, 59th year, Vol. 2 (summer): 27-39.[in Persian]##Kadamyari, Karamali (2012). "The function of fantasy elements in the lyrical system of Humay and Humayun". Research Journal of Lyrical Literature of Urmia University, Year. 11, No. 20 (Spring and Summer): 217-238.[in Persian]##Khazaei, Hamidreza (1385). Legends of South Khorasan (Birjand), Volume 9. Mashhad: Mah Jan. [in Persian]##Mahjoub, Mohammad Jaafar (2012). Popular literature of Iran. Tehran: Cheshme Publishing House.[in Persian]##Mozafarian, Farzaneh (2013). "Myths and folk tales". Mystical Literature and Mythology, Volume. 8, No. 28 (Autumn): 213-247.[in Persian]##Mirsadeghi, Jamal (1383). Story and literature. Tehran: Aye Mehr.[in Persian]##Mirsadeghi, Jamal (1387). Story writing guide. Tehran: Sokhn.[in Persian]##Mirsadeghi, Jamal (1394). Fiction. Tehran: Sokhn.[in Persian]##Mira Abdini, Hassan (2016). One hundred years of Iran's story writing. Tehran: Cheshme Publishing House.[in Persian]##Nowrozi, Zainab; Hashemi, Muhaddith (1393). "A comparative study of the effects of fantastic literature in the two novels The Fig Tree of Maabed and Koubais Beirut". Comparative literature of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 6th year, No. 11 (autumn and winter): 423-446.[in Persian]##Pouralkhas, Shukrallah; Sadeghi, Imran (2012). "Fantasy Narrative of War in the Fairy Grove Novel". Sustainability literature, fifth year, Vol. 9 (autumn and winter): 55-70.[in Persian]##Sarmad, Gholam Ali (1382). Once upon a time, once upon a time. Tehran: Pajhwok Farhang.[in Persian]##Shafei, Zahra (2014). "The appearance of dwarfs in the fiction literature of children and teenagers". Master's thesis, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Hormozgan University.[in Persian]##Shafi'i Kodkani, Mohammad Reza (2016). Poetry music. Tehran: Aghaz.[in Persian]##Zulfiqari, Hassan (2014). Popular language and literature of Iran. Tehran: Side.[in Persian]##

  • Receive Date 28 May 2022
  • Revise Date 05 September 2022
  • Accept Date 05 December 2022