http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/ Journal of Socio-Cultural Studies of Khorasan en daily 1 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_234091.html Organizational change occurs within a cultural framework. Cultural factors such as values, beliefs, and norms play an important role in shaping individuals' attitudes toward change. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of attitudes toward organizational change in the innovative behavior of elementary school teachers in Birjand. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The population consisted of 1900 elementary school teachers in Birjand city during the 2022-2023 academic year. A sample of 320 teachers was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were the organizational change attitude questionnaires of Dunham et al. (1989) and Kanter's innovative behavior questionnaires (1988). The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test and multiple regression in Spss16 software. The findings revealed that teachers' attitudes toward organizational change and innovative behavior were significantly above average and in a favorable state. The results of the main hypothesis showed that the attitude towards organizational change has a positive and significant relationship with the innovative behavior of Birjand primary education teachers. A correlation was obtained between attitude towards organizational change and innovative behavior (R= 0.20), therefore, attitude towards organizational change has a predictive role in the innovative behavior of Birjand elementary school teachers. The results of the sub-hypotheses showed that, with the exception of emotional attitude, cognitive and behavioral attitude have a positive and significant relationship with the innovative behavior of Birjand primary education teachers.Among the components of attitude towards organizational change, the correlation between the two behavioral and cognitive components with innovative behavior was (R= 0.26) and (R=0.19), respectively. In general, among the dimensions of attitude towards organizational change, the behavioral component plays the greatest role in predicting innovative behavior among elementary school teachers in Birjand. http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_235309.html Modern schools were a cultural phenomenon in Iran during the late Qajar period, which expanded despite numerous challenges after the Constitutional Revolution and were even established in some more distant areas such as Birjand. Shokatiyeh School was the first modern school in Birjand, established in 1325 AH. Fifteen years later, the first girls' school in Birjand was established, called "Shokatiyeh Nisvān," which had more problems than the boys' school. No research has been conducted so far on the various problems of this school. Therefore, the present study, relying on the documents of the Astāne Quds Razavi Document Center and using the historical research method (descriptive-analytical), will address the most important challenges of the first girls' school in Birjand in the first 14 years of its operation in order to answer the research questions. What were the most important challenges of the Shokatiyeh Nisvan School? Where did the Shokatiyeh Nisvān challenges originate from? And how were they resolved? The present study showed that cultural, financial, and administrative challenges were the most important problems of Shokatiye Nisvān. Shokat al-Mulk II, his mother, and some clerics played an important role in solving the problems of Shaukatiya Nesvān. The lack of local expertise was another challenge that was solved by employing managers such as Tuba Mahmoudi, Hakim Elāhī, and Prince Abu al-Moluki. Non-native managers faced various financial problems due to not receiving their salaries on time. The use of female teachers to teach French was another challenge that led to the hiring of Russian women. The weak financial structure and inconsistency in the payment of salaries to principals and teachers, and the unfamiliarity of some native teachers with the educational structure were other educational challenges at Shokatiye Nisvān, which were reduced after the school was integrated into public schools http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_236401.html Considering the connection between mysticism and Iranian culture and the reflection of this connection in mystical works, and the fame of Nowruz as one of the symbols of Iranian identity, it is important to examine Nowruz, its purpose, and attractions in mystical works. In addition, it is worth considering the views of mystics about Nowruz and its attractions, and which aspects of it they paid more attention to. In this article, the reflection of the Nowruz celebration in mystical works and the mystics' views on this celebration are examined, with an emphasis on the poems of three mystic poets, Sana'i, Attar, and Rumi. The research on this subject was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and a content analysis approach. Studies show that Nowruz, meaning the beginning of spring, has been used as a festival and to express mystical concepts in the poetry of mystic poets. With this assumption, this festival and national ritual of Iranians must have also been considered by them. However, the results indicate that mystics have a mystical and internal view of Nowruz and, like ordinary people, are not satisfied with outward joy. Nowruz, while being used in the works and poems of great mystics in the ranks of sacred themes such as the beloved, the night of destiny, the manifestation of the beauty of God, and as a manifestation of expansion, connection, and stages of conduct, has not been given much attention and importance as a national celebration of Iranians. The existence of doctrinal considerations and religious prejudices, the Sufi conduct, the transnational and transnational nature of mystics, Sufi asceticism, and avoidance of attending the pleasure ceremonies of the sultans' court can be considered as important reasons for the low importance of the Nowruz ritual in mystical poems.