اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 A Phenomenological Study of Lived Experiences of Motherhood in the Folk Music of East Khorasan پدیدارشناسی مضامین تجربه‌ی زیسته ی مادرانگی در موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان 9 44 213836 10.22034/fakh.2025.485432.1694 FA سحر تبریزی کارشناس ارشد پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. غلامرضا تبریزی کاهو استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه عطار، مشهد، ایران 0000-0001-9959-9401 Journal Article 2024 10 25 Introduction The concept of motherhood has undergone significant changes and transformations over time. Archaeological evidence presented by Malinowski highlights that, in early civilizations, motherhood formed the foundation of family structures, with mothers being central to child-rearing and caregiving. In contrast, fathers held marginal and relatively insignificant roles in these early family systems (Mohammadi & Mohammadi, 2021, p. 232). However, contemporary trends have shifted dramatically. Today, women have greater autonomy and the ability to choose whether to embrace motherhood (Omidvar Tehrani et al., 2021, p. 1026). Modern perspectives regard motherhood as a social category shaped by the cultural and societal positioning of women. According to recent theories, motherhood is influenced by the cultural constructs surrounding women, with art playing a significant role in this dynamic. Art not only reflects a woman's individuality and independence but also shapes and is shaped by her experiences (Amidipour, Rajablo & Bastani, 2024, p. 322). For instance, art can portray the distinctiveness of a mother’s perspective, enhancing her quality of life, while also serving as a medium for artists to embed themes of motherhood in their work. This influence is evident in how the creative output of female artists often transforms before and after they become mothers (Khaleq Panah, Mirzavandian & Rahimi, 2018, p. 73). In this study, the focus is on music, specifically the folk music of East Khorasan, as a form of art that embodies and expresses these cultural narratives. By employing a phenomenological approach, this research aims to explore and identify the themes emerging from women’s lived experiences of motherhood as reflected in the region’s folk music. Method This research employs a phenomenological approach to identify common themes and sub-themes within the intersubjective experiences of individuals who, firstly, have musical expertise and, secondly, are mothers. The primary objective is to describe and analyze the shared experiences of the participants. Phenomenology is particularly well-suited for this purpose, as it facilitates a deeper understanding of people’s lived experiences by exploring their thoughts, emotions, and underlying systems. Additionally, it considers both the visible and hidden aspects of the phenomenon under investigation—in this case, folk music. The study aims to uncover the collective meaning participants assign to their ‘conceptual encounter’ with motherhood. Furthermore, it seeks to represent and analyze their narratives and perceptions of motherhood. To achieve this, the research follows Colaizzi’s seven-step method for phenomenological analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 female musicians and music teachers from the city of Mashhad during the winter of 2024. Participants were selected using a stratified sampling method to ensure maximum diversity within the group. The interviews focused on exploring participants’ inner world experiences after engaging with the folk music of East Khorasan. The narratives collected during these interviews were then analyzed using MAXQDA software to extract themes and insights. Findings The findings reveal that the motherhood experiences of female musicians influenced by the folk music of East Khorasan are shaped by various factors, including age, education level, academic field, child’s gender, marital status, and child’s age. The narratives of the participants confirm that these external variables significantly impact their perceptions and experiences of motherhood. A key focus of this research was to analyze and represent the participants’ experiences of motherhood. The women’s perceptions of motherhood were closely tied to their musical experiences. Many participants believed that East Khorasan’s folk music contains themes related to motherhood, which, in turn, influence their personal experiences of being mothers while listening to this music. Through analyzing their narratives, three main themes and ten sub-themes were identified in relation to their motherhood experiences after engaging with folk music. The participants’ narratives highlighted a sense of motherly hope that emerged while listening to Khorasan’s folk music. This hope was expressed through three core themes: wish for health for children hope for independence wish for a successful marriage for the child Each theme was explored through detailed participant narratives that illustrated their profound connection to these aspirations. Additionally, the mothers who were also artists described experiencing feelings of anxiety about fulfilling their maternal roles when listening to East Khorasan’s music. This anxiety reflected their concerns and responsibilities as mothers. On the other hand, several participants expressed feelings of happiness and joy after listening to the folk music of East Khorasan, showcasing the multifaceted emotional impact of music on their lived experiences of motherhood. Discussion and Conclusion The findings of this research reveal that the music of East Khorasan evokes contradictory experiences of motherhood for many women artists. On one hand, the joy of motherhood enriches their experiences of listening to and engaging with music. On the other hand, anxiety related to fulfilling their maternal roles casts a shadow over these experiences, ultimately contributing to shifts in their identity. The lived experiences of the artists who are also mothers reflect a structural contradiction in their relationship with the music of East Khorasan and their maternal roles. Two primary themes emerge from their narratives: the joy of embracing motherhood and the concern about performing maternal duties. For some women, engaging with music—whether through listening or active participation—enhances their motivation for motherhood. Conversely, for others, music becomes a space where the demands of their artistic and maternal roles intersect, intensifying feelings of insecurity. This heightened insecurity makes their perception of time more fluid and uncertain. While some participants find harmony between their musical past and their role as mothers, a larger number derive significant satisfaction from their engagement with East Khorasan’s music. However, the ambiguity of time and the conditions it creates disrupt their sense of stability in their maternal roles. Given the increasing number of women active in music, it is essential to establish legal and cultural frameworks to support their dual roles as mothers and artists. These frameworks should aim to alleviate the conflicts they face, ensuring that their musical pursuits do not interfere with their responsibilities as mothers. It is recommended that cultural and artistic authorities acknowledge and adapt to these evolving realities, thereby reducing the intensity of these conflicts. Such measures can help empower women musicians to balance their roles as artists and mothers more effectively. Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to the General Directorate of Islamic Guidance of Khorasan Razavi and all the female artists who have given their valuable time to this research. موسیقی را هنر بیان احساسات به وسیله‌ی آوا‌ها گفته‌اند که مهم‌ترین عوامل آن صدا و ریتم هستند؛ زیرا که موسیقی صرفاً اصواتی به هم پیوسته نیست، بلکه قادر است مایه‌هایی برای ذهن فراهم آورد. هدف این پژوهش بازنمایی تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی مادرانه‌ی زنان هنرمند با گوش دادن به موسیقی شرق خراسان است. در این مطالعه با رهیافتی پدیدارشناسی، با۱۱زن موسیقی‌دان و مدرس موسیقی که به شیوه‌ی نمونه‌گیری ملاکی و با بیشینه‌ی پراکنش در سطح شهر مشهد در زمستان ۱۴۰۲ انتخاب شده بودند، مصاحبه‌ای نیمه‌ساختارمند درباره‌ی تجربه‌ی جهان درونی‌شان پس از گوش فرادادن به موسیقی فولکور شرق خراسان انجام شد. سپس روایت مشارکت‌کنندگان با روش کلایزی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA تحلیل شد. روایت مشارکت‌کنندگان نشان می‌دهد هنگامی که به موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان گوش فرا می‌دهند، سه مضمون مادرانگی ‌امید و آرزو برای فرزندان، اضطراب و نگرانی برای آن‌ها و احساس شادمانی نسبت به فرزندان را تجربه می‌کنند. موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان امید بخش مادران نسبت آینده فرزندانشان (ازدواج، استقلال و خودمختاری و...) و بازتاب دل‌نگرانی‌های آنها در مورد سلامت، تربیت و غم دوری از آنهاست. برخی از مادران مشارکت‌کننده نیز از اینکه در مادری کردن موفق بودند و فرزندان خود را رشد دادند، شادمانی را تجربه می‌کنند. غنای موسیقیایی به تجارب درونی افراد وابسته است. بنابراین لازم است جنبه‌ی کارکرد‌های روان‌شناختی، زیبایی‌شناختی و معناگرایی موسیقی مد نظر قرار گیرد.

http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_213836_44260e342d23464aba623b0e4e9de174.pdf

اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 Etymology and Transformation of the Name and Status of Qaen and Qohestan وجه‌تسمیه و دگرگونی نام و جایگاه قاین و قهستان 45 83 213573 10.22034/fakh.2025.490081.1697 FA مرتضی دانشیار استادیار تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد 0000-0002-0379-2723 Journal Article 2024 11 22 Introduction Qohestan, a province in southern Khorasan with Qaen as its center, boasts a history dating back to at least the Sassanid period. This rich historical background has prompted numerous studies on the region, particularly on the history of Qaen and Qohestan. Many of these works delve into the etymology of the province's name, offering various interpretations. Some suggest it stems from a transformation of the word Gavīn (meaning ‘cow’), others link it to Qabil (the son of Adam), and some attribute it to a Mongol origin. However, these interpretations appear inaccurate. Qaen predates the Arab and Semitic cultural influences in the region, rendering the Mongol origin hypothesis implausible. Similarly, the idea that Qohestan derives from the word Quh—attributed to the presence of qanats in the area—lacks merit. The water system in Qohestan was not significantly different from its neighboring regions, nor did it feature a greater number of qanats. The broader historical changes, such as the region’s rise and decline, its renaming, and the relocation of its capital, remain topics of scholarly debate. This study aims to explore the etymology of Qaen and Qohestan while shedding light on the primary factors behind the region's historical transformations. Methodology This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to critically evaluate previous research. It relies on library-based research to investigate the etymology of the names Qaen and Qohestan, as well as to explore the factors contributing to the region's prosperity, decline, and shifts in its administrative center. Findings and Conclusion The repeated invasions and occasional dominance of foreign powers in Iranian territory have led to significant cultural intermixing and the influence of foreign cultural elements. One prominent result of this cultural exchange is the variety of narratives surrounding the etymology and attribution of many Iranian cities to Greek, Semitic, or Mongol myths and figures. This article examines how these influences shaped the etymology of the city of Qaen. While the history of Qaen and the broader Qohestan region predates the Arab Muslim conquest (circa 30 AH), Islamic sources often attributed the etymology of Qaen to Semitic myths, with some even proposing a Mongol origin. However, historical evidence suggests that the name Qaen, referred to as ‘Kayen’ in Sassanid-era sources, originates from the term ‘Karen’. Karen was the name of a prominent family in pre-Islamic Iran, known for its influence across various regions, including Qohestan. This family likely played a key role in founding or developing the city of Qaen. Additionally, the term ‘Kohestan’ was historically used to describe several provinces or regions in pre-Islamic Iran, all characterized by their mountainous terrain. After the advent of Islam, this term evolved into ‘Quhestan’ or ‘Qohestan’, retaining its original meaning of a ‘mountainous region’. An analysis of events during the early years of the Arab conquest reveals that the absence of references to the capital and other districts of Qohestan until the fourth century AH likely stemmed from the resistance of the Qohestani people to Arab control and the widespread devastation caused by the conquest. The hereditary rule of the Simjuri family over the province during the Samanid period (287–395 AH) marked a turning point in the region’s revival. This era saw the formation of Greater Qohestan through the annexation of provinces such as Tabas and Turshiz, as well as the emergence of its districts in historical sources from the fourth century. The Ismaili dominance over Qohestan in the latter half of the fifth century, characterized by repeated conflicts with the Seljuks and significant destruction—particularly in Qaen and Turshiz—further shaped the region’s trajectory. Despite these challenges, the Ismaili policy toward the Mongols shielded the area from Mongol invasions, transforming it into a refuge for those fleeing Mongol massacres. However, this protection ended with the establishment of the Ilkhanid dynasty. Under Hulagu Khan, Qohestan became a target for invasions, resulting in widespread massacres, particularly in the city of Tun. Following the fall of the Ismailis, Qohestan was freed from continuous conflicts with neighboring powers, and conditions for reconstruction began to improve. This resurgence was facilitated by the Ilkhans, who designated the region as a hereditary domain for a Mongol family. During the Timurid period, Qohestan experienced a second wave of prosperity. The prominence of the Qaeni family within the Timurid administration brought increased attention and investment to the region. Additionally, the transfer of the Timurid capital from Samarkand to Herat provided economic and social benefits to neighboring areas, including Qohestan. However, the decline of the Timurid dynasty, marked by the capital's relocation from Herat to western Iran and the constant incursions of the Uzbeks in eastern Iran, pushed Qohestan into a state of decline. The Safavid policy of granting independence to various cities within Qohestan further fragmented the region, ultimately leading to the collapse of its unity and the disappearance of the name "Qohestan" from common usage. A major transformation in the region occurred during the early years of the hereditary rule of the Alam family, under the reign of Nader Shah Afshar (1148–1160 AH), when the provincial capital was relocated from Qaen to Birjand, and the province was renamed from Qaen to Qaenat. Several factors likely influenced this decision, the most prominent being the Alam family’s origins in Sarbisheh, near Birjand, and Birjand’s more central location within the province. This strategic positioning ensured a safer distance from neighboring provinces, such as the hereditary domains of Tabas, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, and Herat. The transfer of the capital to Birjand spurred the settlement’s growth into a relatively large city, while simultaneously reducing the prominence of Qaen, which became the province’s secondary city. هجوم مکرر بیگانگان به خاک ایران و سلطه‌ی چندگاهی آنان، زمینه‌ی آمیختگی و تأثیر وجوه فرهنگی ایشان را درپی داشته است. از نمودهای این تأثّرات فرهنگی، شیوع روایتهای متعدد در مورد وجوه تسمیه و انتساب بسیاری از شهرها و اماکن ایران به اسطورهها و اشخاص یونانی، سامی و مغولی است. پژوهش کنونی بر پایه روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، به بررسی وجهتسمیهی بحثبرانگیزِ شهر قاین و عنوان ولایت آن، قهستان، میپردازد. بررسی تاریخ جابجایی کرسی قهستان، تغییر نام این ولایت و نقاط عطفی که موجب شکوفایی یا زوال و در عینحال عامل تغییر کرسی یا نام آنجا بوده، دیگر اهداف این پژوهش را تشکیل میدهد. یافتههای تحقیق حاکی است که برخلاف روایتهای معمول که وجهتسمیه قاین را در اسطورهای سامی یا واژگان مغولی جستجو میکنند، نام آن برگرفته از خاندانی کهن ایرانی و تغییریافته‌ی واژه‌ی کارن است. ولایت قهستان یا قوهستان نیز که معرب کوهستان است، نه به سبب قنوات متعدد، بلکه به سبب کوهستان‌ها و ارتفاع بالاتر آنجا نسبت به نواحی پیرامون، بدین نام خوانده شده است. دیگر یافتههای مقاله نشان میدهد ‌که اگرچه قهستان در هجوم اعراب مسلمان آسیبی ویرانگر دید، اما در سده‌ی چهارم و هم‌روزگار با حاکمیت موروثیِ خاندان سیمجوریان، ضمن الحاق چند ولایت دیگر به آن، امنیت و ثباتی یافت که در سایه‌ی آن به شکوفایی اقتصادی و اجتماعی رسید. تغییر نام ولایت و از تداول افتادن نام قهستان نیز در آغاز دوره‌ی صفویه رخ داد که ولایت پهناور قهستان به چند ولایت کوچک تقسیم شده هر یک به نام کرسی خود شهرت یافتند. بعدازاین تغییر، قائن مرکز ولایتی به همین نام شد که بیش از دو سده‌ی بعد، هم‌روزگار با نادرشاه افشار (حک. 1148- 1160ق)، کرسی ولایت به بیرجند منتقل گشت و نام ولایت نیز به قائنات تغییر یافت.

http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_213573_ee2d321c0af7df2f2714af6560cc2adb.pdf

اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 The Role of Electronic Human Resource Management in Organizational Entrepreneurship and Organizational Effectiveness, Mediated by Organizational Agility among Employees of Shahid Chamran Hospital, Ferdows نقش مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی در کارآفرینی سازمانی و اثربخشی سازمانی، با میانجی چابکی سازمانی درکارکنان ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻬﯿﺪ چمران ﻓﺮدوس 85 127 212488 10.22034/fakh.2024.481696.1689 FA احمد عربشاهی کریزی گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. مرتضی درودگر کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2024 10 03 Introduction In today’s highly competitive global landscape, the importance of innovation, flexibility, responsiveness and collaboration has become increasingly evident for the long-term success of organizations. As the pace of environmental change accelerates, organizations must adapt to new conditions, seize emerging opportunities, and foster an entrepreneurial culture to address evolving needs effectively. Information technology, as a powerful enabler, plays a crucial role in enhancing internal organizational resources, particularly human resources. An efficient electronic human resource management (e-HRM) system, when properly implemented, can foster organizational learning and empower employees, thereby enhancing the organization's capacity for innovation. The growing demand for more effective work processes, coupled with advancements in information and communication technology (ICT), has driven the rapid development of e-HRM systems. One of the critical capabilities required in today’s competitive environment is organizational agility. An agile organization aligns its processes and workforce with advanced technologies to meet customer demands through high-quality products and services within a relatively short timeframe. However, despite significant advancements in ICT, the adoption and provision of electronic services remain limited in organizations across developing countries, including our own. This study explores the benefits and advantages of e-HRM systems, highlighting their impact on key components such as organizational agility, entrepreneurship, and effectiveness. By examining these factors, the research aims to shed light on how e-HRM can contribute to improved organizational performance in dynamic and competitive environments. Research Method This applied study aims to address organizational needs and improve overall performance and optimization. Methodologically, it is a descriptive-survey study. The research's statistical population consists of 200 employees from Shahid Chamran Hospital in Ferdows. Using the Morgan table, a sample size of 127 was determined. Participants were selected through simple random sampling, and a questionnaire was distributed to them for completion. In the study’s analytical model, e-HRM serves as the predictor variable, while organizational entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness are the dependent variables. Organizational agility is included as the mediating variable. To measure these variables, standard questionnaires were employed: Firouzi’s e-HRM Questionnaire (2015), Robbins and Coulter’s Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (1989), Sharifi and Young’s Organizational Agility Questionnaire (2000), and Eidi et al.’s Organizational Effectiveness Questionnaire (2012). The validity of the questionnaires was established through expert review by professors. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, resulting in the following coefficients: e-HRM (0.92), Organizational Entrepreneurship (0.87), Organizational Effectiveness (0.85), and Organizational Agility (0.93), all indicating high internal consistency. These values confirmed the reliability of the instruments. After collecting the completed questionnaires, the data were analyzed using PLS (version 4) in two stages: descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented in tabular format to characterize the sample. Subsequently, structural equation modeling with path analysis was employed to empirically test the research hypotheses. Findings and Conclusion The main objective of this study was to examine the role of e-HRM in organizational entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness, where organizational agility acted as a mediating factor. To achieve this, two main hypotheses and five sub-hypotheses were formulated and tested. The results of the first hypothesis test revealed that organizational agility does not mediate the relationship between e-HRM and organizational entrepreneurship. Similarly, the results of the second hypothesis test indicated that organizational agility does not mediate the relationship between e-HRM and organizational effectiveness. For the third hypothesis, the analysis showed that the direct effect of e-HRM on organizational entrepreneurship was 0.57, indicating a moderate and statistically significant relationship. For the fourth hypothesis, the direct effect of e-HRM on organizational effectiveness was found to be 0.43, also reflecting a moderate and statistically significant relationship. The results of the fifth hypothesis test indicated that the significance level for the effect of e-HRM on organizational agility was greater than 0.05, meaning that this relationship was not statistically confirmed. The sixth hypothesis test revealed that the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship was 0.26, indicating a weak but statistically significant direct relationship. The seventh hypothesis test showed that the effect of organizational agility on organizational effectiveness was 0.49, reflecting a moderate and statistically significant direct relationship. To successfully implement e-HRM, managers should utilize electronic systems for various functions, such as recruitment, training, payroll, and employee evaluations. Achieving organizational effectiveness requires systematic efforts from both managers and employees to ensure that organizational goals are met at a satisfactory level. Additionally, fostering organizational entrepreneurship and cultivating an entrepreneurial culture should be prioritized. Conditions must be created to enable all individuals within the organization to take on entrepreneurial roles, encouraging creativity and innovation. Lastly, organizational agility should be developed to allow the organization to adapt effectively to changing environmental conditions and navigate the process of growth and development. در عصر حاضر شرایط محیطی سازمان‌ها پویا و متغیر است و دستیابی به قابلیتهای جدیدی در سازمان‌ها چون چابکی سازمانی، کارآفرینی سازمانی و اثربخشی سازمانی ضروری است. با توجه به نقش مهم فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و کاربرد آن در حوزههای مختلف، در این پژوهش در صدد هستیم تا نقش مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی را در کارآفرینی سازمانی و اثربخشی سازمانی با توجه به نقش میانجی چابکی سازمانی مورد بررسی قرار دهیم. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه‌ی آماری این پژوهش کارکنان بیمارستان شهید چمران فردوس است که تعداد آن‌ها به 200 نفر میرسد. حجم نمونه با توجه به جدول مورگان تعداد 127 نفر تعیین که به شیوه‌ی نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده از میان جامعه‌ی آماری انتخاب و پرسش‌نامه جهت تکمیل در اختیارشان قرار گرفت. جهت جمعآوری دادههای تحقیق از چهار پرسش‌نامه‌ی استاندارد استفاده شد. روایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها نیز با نظرخواهی از اساتید مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. جهت بررسی پایایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد (مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی 92/0، پرسش‌نامه‌ی کارآفرینی سازمانی 87/0، پرسش‌نامه‌ی اثربخشی سازمانی 85/0 و پرسش‌نامه‌ی چابکی سازمانی 93/0) و پایایی پرسش‌نامه‌ها تأیید شد. پس از تکمیل و جمعآوری پرسش‌نامهها، دادههای جمعآوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار PLS 4 در دو بخش توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن بود که چابکی سازمانی در نقش مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی در کارآفرینی سازمانی و اثربخشی سازمانی نقش میانجی ایفا نمیکند. مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی بر اثربخشی سازمانی (57/0) و کارآفرینی سازمانی (43/0) نقش دارد. مدیریت منابع انسانی الکترونیکی در چابکی سازمانی نقش ندارد. چابکی سازمانی در کارآفرینی سازمانی (26/0) و اثربخشی سازمانی (49/0) نقش دارد.

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اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 A Phenomenological Study of Communication Among Female Students in Dormitories: A Case Study of South Khorasan Farhangian University بررسی ارتباطات دانشجویان دختر در سراهای دانشجویی مطالعه‌‌ی موردی: دانشگاه فرهنگیان خراسان جنوبی 129 158 211947 10.22034/fakh.2024.452653.1662 FA محمد علی پور دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران 0000-0002-1103-3110 محمد ولی پور گروه آموزش تاریخ، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران محسن آیتی دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران فاطمه عباسی مقدم دانشجوی کارشناسی علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران ساجده احمدی دانشجوی کارشناسی علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 04 19 Introduction The living environment is a crucial factor influencing the type and quality of human life. The environment and the changes that occur within it play a significant role in shaping individuals' psychological and emotional states (Nadimi et al., 2012, p. 91). Student housing is not merely a place of residence for students; it should also foster their academic, mental, and personal development (Abdi et al., 2019: 95). Entering university marks a critical stage in life, often accompanied by significant changes in social relationships. One such change involves the formation of new expectations and roles that students assume upon entering university (Reza Soltani, et al., 2013, p. 38). This experience is particularly challenging for students who are separated from their families and must live in a new city and student dormitory (Anvari, 2016, p. 106). The period of higher education, or student life, is one of the most transformative phases in an individual's life. During this time, students undergo significant changes due to new educational experiences, unfamiliar situations, and the pressures of new expectations. These changes can have a lasting impact on their future. For students studying in a city away from their home, living in a student dormitory further intensifies these transitions. The student dormitory plays a vital role in providing a sense of security for non-native students, making it an essential component of the higher education system (Saeidi & Esmailzadeh, 2009, p. 44). Farhangian University, like other universities, admits a large number of non-native students each year, many of whom must reside in dormitories. At Farhangian University, dormitories hold a unique educational and developmental role. The university's mission is to train teachers in alignment with the values of the Islamic Revolution, and as a result, students spend a significant portion of their time in the dormitories. These halls serve as spaces where student-teacher relationships are cultivated, and students gain valuable experiences through these interactions. Investigating these experiences is of great importance. Moreover, there is a lack of research on student communication within the context of student life in the halls. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the nature of student communication in dormitories. Method Given the nature of the subject under study, the approach of the current research is qualitative, specifically of the phenomenological type. The research participants were female student teachers residing in the dormitories of Farhangian University, Imam Sajjad Campus, in South Khorasan. A purposive sampling method was used to select a sample of 11 participants, all of whom had at least two semesters of living experience in the university's student residence. The sample size continued to grow until theoretical data saturation was reached. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and data collection was carried out through these interviews. During the interview process, a variety of questions were posed, and the main questions are: What are your experiences of student communication in dormitories? What challenges and problems have you encountered in your communication with students’ dormitories? What opportunities has student communication in dormitories created for you? What are the characteristics of student communication in dormitories? What have been the effects and outcomes of your communication with students in dormitories? To analyze the data, Colaizzi’s (2002) seven-step strategy was employed. Additionally, MAXQDA (version 11) was used during the data analysis stages. To evaluate the results of this qualitative research, the criteria set by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were applied. Findings and Conclusion The findings from students’ lived experiences were categorized into four main themes and nine sub-themes: characteristics (individual, social), consequences (moral, behavioral, and cultural), opportunities (group and individual) and challenges (personal, intellectual, and cultural). The results revealed that communication among students in the dormitories has created numerous opportunities and challenges. Key opportunities include enhanced communication skills, academic progress, exposure to new concepts and the development of teamwork abilities. However, alongside these opportunities, students identified several challenges, including personal differences, cultural variations, differing morals and attitudes, and the lack of private space. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that student communication in the dormitory can foster both personal and social growth. The relationship between students and teachers in the dormitories is shaped by the needs of both groups. Both students and teachers view communication in the dormitories as an opportunity and use this platform for self-improvement, aiming to make the most of their four years of study. دانشجویان در دوران تحصیل زمان زیادی را در سراهای دانشجویی سپری می‌کنند و در این مدت ارتباطات دانشجویی به کسب تجارب مختلف از سوی دانشجویان منجر می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه‌ی ارتباطات دانشجویان دختر در سراهای دانشجویی به شیوه‌ی کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی صورت گرفت. با توجه به ماهیت پژوهش، از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند استفاده شد که از طریق مصاحبه‌ی عمیق با 11 دانشجوی دختر، داده‌های اخذشده به اشباع رسید. داده‌های حاصل از تجارب دانشجویان به روش کلایزی (2002) مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتههای حاصل از تجارب زیسته‌ی دانشجویان در چهار کد انتخابی و نه کد محوری ویژگی‌ها (فردی، اجتماعی)، پیامدها (اخلاقی، رفتاری و فرهنگی)، فرصت‌ها (گروهی و فردی) و چالش‌ها (شخصی، فکری و فرهنگی) دسته‌بندی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتباط دانشجویان در سرای دانشجویی فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های متعددی به همراه داشته است. بالا رفتن قدرت ارتباط، پیشرفت تحصیلی، آشنا شدن با مفاهیم جدید، کسب مهارت‌ کارگروهی از مهم‌ترین فرصت‌ها هستند. در کنار این فرصت‌ها، اختلاف در مسائل شخصی، تفاوت‌های فرهنگی، اخلاق و روحیات متفاوت، نداشتن فضای خلوت با خود از برجستهترین چالش‌ها بودند که دانشجویان به آن اشاره کردند. بر مبنای این یافته‌ها، می‌توان بیان داشت که ارتباط دانشجویان با همدیگر در سرای دانشجویی‌ میتواند زمینه‌ی رشد فردی و اجتماعی آنان را فراهم کند. ارتباطی که بین دانشجو ـ معلمان در سراهای دانشجویی شکل می‌گیرد، ارتباطی است برخواسته از نیازهایی همچون پرسش و پاسخ درسی، مقررات خوابگاهی (ساعت خاموشی، سرو غذا)، نظافت اتاق و رعایت بهداشت دانشجو ـ معلمان است. دانشجو ـ معلمان ارتباطات دانشجویی در سراهای دانشجویی را به‌عنوان فرصت می‌بینند و تلاش می‌کنند از این بستر برای خودسازی و کسب مهارت‌های زندگی استفاده ‌کنند تا بهترین‌ها را برای خود در دوران تحصیل رقم بزنند.

http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_211947_23c64e7bb214fd41920f7d3aaf5217ae.pdf

اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 The Ideal Marriage Model: A Case Study of Couples Living in Mashhad الگوی ازدواجِ کارآمد زوج‌های ساکن شهر مشهد 159 196 212557 10.22034/fakh.2025.485744.1695 FA مونا کارگر دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، گروه روان شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد. ایران 0009-0007-1978-8087 سیدعلی کیمیایی دانشیار گروه روان شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران 0009-0007-1978-8087 حسین کارشکی دانشیار گروه روان شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران 0000-0003-1990-2365 خدابخش احمدی استاد مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران 0000-0001-8969-8449 Journal Article 2024 10 30 Introduction A high-quality marriage lays the foundation for a flourishing and productive human society (Glasser, 2022, p. 38), and an effective and high-quality marriage is characterized by marital stability and satisfaction. Studies indicate that marital satisfaction is a variable that directly and indirectly impacts the quality of life and its dimensions (Kasapoglu & Yabanigul, 2018, p. 250). On the other hand, divorce leads to a decline in physical health, the emergence of psychological problems, and a decrease in the social and economic status of family members. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the factors that contribute to an effective marriage. According to research, factors such as commitment, love and intimacy, healthy communication, respect, and conflict resolution have been identified as contributors to a successful marriage. Given that marriage is a culturally dependent phenomenon, it can be argued that the necessity of conducting research in this area is greater in Iran. This is because studies on stable and satisfying marriages are either limited or require further elaboration. Moreover, to develop culturally tailored programs addressing family issues, there is a need for research rooted in the specific culture of each society. However, the main concern of the researchers in this study was the rising divorce rate in Khorasan Razavi province compared to other provinces in the country. This raised the question: how is it that, within a shared cultural context, some couples succumb to the challenges and crises of life, leading to divorce, while others emerge successful? Thus, we sought to uncover the answer through the lived experiences of couples. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are: To identify the factors influencing an effective marriage. To develop a paradigmatic model of effective marriage factors based on the cultural context. Methods This study employs a qualitative approach using the grounded theory method. The statistical population consists of all married couples in Mashhad in 2022 who had stable and satisfying marital lives. Purposeful sampling was used, and the sample size was determined based on data saturation. Data saturation was achieved after conducting individual interviews with 14 couples (28 participants). The collected data were analyzed immediately after the interviews, and the coding process was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Ultimately, by comparing and linking the extracted categories, a model for effective marriage was developed. To ensure the validity and reliability of the collected data, Lincoln and Guba’s (1989) four credibility criteria were applied. To guarantee data credibility, the results of each interview analysis were presented to the participants for review to confirm accuracy or make necessary adjustments. To ensure confirmability, the researcher minimized the influence of personal assumptions during data collection. For dependability and adequacy, the coding and categorization processes were conducted in multiple sessions with the research team and in the presence of research methodology experts, reaching the required consensus. To enhance the generalizability of the findings, an effort was made to select participants from diverse social, cultural, economic, and geographical backgrounds, focusing on successful couples in varying contexts. Findings Following the interviews, confirmation of data saturation, and subsequent analysis and coding, a total of 225 open codes, 34 subcategories, and ultimately 4 main categories were identified, as presented in Table 1. Table 1. Main and subcomponents from thematic analysis of the lived experiences of couples in effective marriages This study aimed to deeply and qualitatively explore the features and experiences of stable and satisfying marriages while considering the role of culture in marital studies. The findings revealed that the contextual conditions of an effective marriage include factors such as a suitable marriage and positive individual traits, aligning with the findings of Atari et al. (2020) and Khodadadi-Sangdeh and Parhizkari (2023). Based on the results of this study, the causal conditions for an effective marriage—events that predict or foster its occurrence and development—are the achievements of the marital relationship. These include commitment and trust, respect, honesty, fairness, consultation, forgiveness, love, appreciation, couple identity, intimacy, optimal sexual satisfaction, support, and cooperation. While all these factors have been corroborated in various studies, specific examples include the alignment of findings on commitment and forgiveness with Li et al. (2024), honesty with Kazim and Rafique (2021), love, intimacy, and effective communication with Beckett et al. (2023), sexual satisfaction with Vakili et al. (2024), and couple identity with Rahmati et al. (2020). Facilitating factors for a successful marriage identified in this study include having children, supportive families of origin, protective attitudes, optimism, spirituality, maintaining familial connections, and favorable economic conditions. According to the study results, strategies employed by couples to achieve a successful marriage include developing skills such as mutual understanding, conflict management, healthy communication, relationship dynamism, and financial literacy. These findings align with those of Adler-Baeder et al. (2022) and Becotte et al. (2023). Overall, the study concludes that the outcomes of an effective marriage are a sense of happiness and satisfaction, feelings of security and peace, efficiency in life management, and effectiveness in parenting. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه‌ی مدل بومی ازدواجهای کارآمد براساس تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی زوجهای موفق است. این پژوهش به روش کیفی و با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه‌ی زمینهای در سال1401 انجام شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش زوج‌های ساکن مشهد بودند که ملاکهای ورود به مطالعه را نیز داشتند. این ملاکها عبارت بودند از: زن و شوهر هر دو ایرانی و ساکن مشهد باشند، حداقل 15 سال از ازدواجشان سپری شده باشد، تنها یک بار ازدواج کرده باشند، ازدواج خود را موفق توصیف کنند، در مقیاس رضایت زناشویی انریچ (1978) نمره‌ی بالا کسب نمایند و شرایط مصاحبه‌ی حضوری را داشته باشند. در نهایت ۱۴ زوج (۲۸ نفر) با استفاده از نمونهگیری هدفمند تا رسیدن به اشباع دادهها انتخاب و در پژوهش شرکت کردند. این افراد با استفاده از مصاحبه‌ی عمیق نیمهساختاریافته مورد بررسی قرارگرفتند. دادهها پس از جمعآوری و پیادهسازی، بهشیوه‌ی سیستماتیک کدگذاری شد. تحلیل دادهها منجر به شناسایی ۲۲۵ کدباز، ۳۴ مؤلفه‌ی فرعی و ۴ مؤلفه‌ی اصلی شد که در قالب مدل پارادایمی با شرایط علّی (اصول و دستاوردهای رابطه)؛ شرایط زمینهای (ازدواج آگاهانه و ویژگیهای فردی)؛ شرایط مداخلهگر (خانوادهها، نگرش‌های سالم، معنویت، فرزند، شبکه ارتباطی ـ حمایتی و وضعیت اقتصادی)؛ راهبردها (مهارت‌های زناشویی)؛ پیامدها (خوشبختی، آرامش، مدیریت زندگی و والدگری مطلوب) ارائه و مقوله‌ی مرکزی با عنوان «آنچه ازدواج را کارآمد ساخت» انتخاب شد. متخصصان میتوانند مدل بهدست آمده از این پژوهش را در مشاورههای پیش از ادواج بهکارگیرند و همچنین با بهرهگیری از یافتههای این پژوهش در افزایش پایداری و رضایتمندی زندگی زناشویی، به خانوادهها و جامعه کمک نمایند.

http://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_212557_0b2886e16e650a2500105e38128f4f9a.pdf

اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان خراسان جنوبی مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان 2676-6116 18 4 2024 08 22 The Reflection of the Qur’an and Hadith in the Second Volume of Maqamat al-Abrar by Mohammad Hossein Ayati Birjandi بازتاب قرآن و حدیث در دفتر دوم «مقامات الأبرار» محمدحسین آیتی بیرجندی 197 233 211946 10.22034/fakh.2024.482153.1691 FA احمد لامعی گیو دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. 0000-0002-5597-8896 Journal Article 2024 10 06 Introduction Sheikh Mohammad Hossein Ayati, a distinguished poet from Birjand, has left behind a remarkable literary legacy. Among his significant works is Maqamat al-Abrar, a masterful Mansavi comprising five volumes. The second volume, titled The School of Wisdom, recounts the ancient tale of Yousasaf and Buluhar. This collection is enriched with profound wisdom drawn from Qur’anic verses and noble hadiths. The work includes 2850 verses, which are analyzed in this study from the two perspectives of linguistic expression and thematic meaning. Their frequency percentages are subsequently illustrated in a chart. Despite the literary and intellectual value of Ayati’s works, they have not received enough scholarly attention. Honoring the contributions of eminent figures from South Khorasan Province, such as Ayati, is vital both locally and globally. This research seeks to address two critical questions: To what extent do the Qur’an and Hadith shape the linguistic and thematic structure of The School of Wisdom? What themes emerge from the wisdom conveyed in the Qur’anic and Hadith-based verses within this work? The scant literature indicates that Ayati’s works remain largely underappreciated. Limited reprints and a lack of broader recognition have hindered widespread familiarity with his contributions. Consequently, researchers have shown little interest in delving into the intellectual dimensions of his oeuvre. As a result, scholarly articles on this subject are scarce, and only brief references to his life and work appear in a handful of local or national journals. Methods This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library resources and existing documents as its primary tools. The primary aim is to analyze the influence and prevalence of Qur’anic and Hadith references within the second volume of Maqamat al-Abrar, commonly referred to as Madrasat al-Hikmah. The research involves a detailed examination of the poet's interpretation of Qur’anic and Hadith elements, focusing on both linguistic and thematic dimensions across all verses in the collection. Through this analysis, specific examples of the poet’s contributions will be highlighted, and the frequency of these references will be illustrated in a chart to provide a comprehensive overview of their significance within the text. Findings The findings of this study revealed that the integration of Qur’anic and Hadith verses and their philosophical themes into poetry covers the following topics: The depiction of ignorance and ingratitude of worldly seekers – 7% The world as a field for boasting and entertainment – 10% The purity of authenticity and the elevation of humanity – 4% The wonder of the stages of human creation – 3% The true religion and the supremacy of Sharia and reason – 8% The Qur’an as a book of wisdom and guidance – 4% The virtues of ethics and salvation in the afterlife – 14% Other related topics – 50% In the narrative verses derived from Qur’anic and Hadith content, the key themes are: The descent of humanity from paradise to earth – 4% The attributes of God – 10% The conflict between anger and justice – 5% Avoiding imitation without understanding – 4% The beauties of ethics – 40% The reprehensible aspects of ethics – 20% Other topics – 21% The study highlights the poet’s exceptional skill in weaving Qur’anic and Hadith themes into Persian poetry, demonstrating a level of creativity far beyond the mere inclusion of Qur’anic words or phrases. This mastery lies in his ability to present Qur’anic and Hadith concepts within the structure of Persian language poetry, which offers greater flexibility in crafting rhymes and poetic lines. Furthermore, the poet dedicates much of this work—80% of the themes—to interpretations and explanations of Qur’anic wisdom and advice, aptly naming it Madrasat al-Hikmah (School of Wisdom). Discussion and Conclusion The findings reveal that this esteemed scholar, with profound knowledge and mastery of the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as deep insight into the themes of the Book of Revelation, has skillfully integrated key Qur’anic words, partial verses, and Hadith into his poetry, adapting them appropriately to the context of each verse. The verbal incorporation of Qur’anic and Hadith elements accounts for nearly 50% of the total verses. In the second aspect, which emphasizes meaning and content, the poet demonstrates an even greater prevalence of Qur’anic and Hadith themes, with 79% of the verses addressing various moral and educational topics infused with these influences. This underscores the poet's exceptional ability to weave the profound meanings and teachings of the Qur’an into his poetry, surpassing mere linguistic references. The results affirm that the poet’s literary sensibility, coupled with his deep understanding of Qur’anic and Hadith concepts, has culminated in the creation of a remarkable and impactful collection. Known as the School of Wisdom, this work stands out for its scientific, literary, and educational-cultural significance, aptly justifying its title. Although this study provides a brief overview of the subject, it serves as a foundation for further research into the works of this enduring figure in the realms of religion and knowledge. Such efforts could illuminate the intellectual and cultural contributions of this significant scholar from the province, fostering greater recognition and appreciation for his legacy. مقامات الأبرار یکی از آثار ارزشمند و منشآت زیبای فقیه برجسته، محمّدحسین آیتی گازاری است، که آن را، در قالب مثنوی مشتمل بر پنج دفتر، به رشته‌ی نظم کشیده و هر دفتر را به موضوعی ویژه اختصاص داده است. آنچه در این پژوهش مورد تأمّل و بررسی قرار گرفته، دفتر دوم این منظومه، با عنوان «مدرسه الحکمه» میباشد که شاعر با بهرهگیری از آیات قرآن و احادیث شریفه‌ی معصومین، حکمتهایی درسآموز و پنددهنده به مخاطبان ارائه میدهد. مقاله‌ی حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی، سعی نموده به سؤال محوری پژوهش، ناظر به کنکاش لفظی و محتوایی موضوعات مواج در دفتر دوم مقامات الابرار، پاسخ دهد. نتایج پژوهش مبیّن این نکته است که شاعر، به لحاظ ساختار، داستان «یوزاسف و بلوهر» را که علامه مجلسی از آن تعبیر به گنجینه‌ی حکمت نموده، در تعداد 2850 بیت با عناوینی متناسب تنظیم کرده و در هر قسمت به اقتضای موقعیت، تلمیحی لفظی یا محتوایی به آیات قرآن یا حدیث داشته است که بسامد لفظی آن بیش از نیمی از مجموع ابیات را دربر میگیرد. محتوای ابیات نیز ـ با بیشترین بسامد ـ دربردارنده‌ی مضامین قرآنی و حدیثی است؛ به گونه‌ای که قسمت اعظم ابیات در حیطه‌ی موضوعات مختلف اخلاقی و تربیتی آمیخته به معانی و محتوای قرآن بیان شده است که برآیند آن در تصویر حکمتهایی اخلاقی و تربیتی تجلّی یافته و در واقع میتوان آن را منظومهای بینظیر در باب تربیت و اخلاق برشمرد.

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